Home| Introduction | Literature Review | Data and Analysis | Conclusion | Sources
Scholarly Sources
Balkansky, A. (2018, June 19). The Draft in World War I: America “Volunteered its Mass” | Headlines & Heroes. The Library of Congress. https://blogs.loc.gov/headlinesandheroes/2018/06/wwi-draft/
Burstyn, V. (2016). The rites of men: Manhood, politics, and the culture of sport. University of Toronto Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Vys1oqERxbIC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=boyhood+and+sports+1900s&ots=ZLBMpSlFHU&sig=QST8HJIkFb5wJ3Fr7nar_w7B8Nc#v=onepage&q&f=false
Cavallo, D. (1981). Muscles and morals: Organized Playgrounds and Urban Reform, 1880-1920.
Gagen, E. A. (2004). Making America flesh: physicality and nationhood in early twentieth-century physical education reform. Cultural Geographies, 11(4), 417–442. https://doi.org/10.1191/1474474004eu321oa
Gardner, C. (2015, December 1). The evolution of physical education – Together counts. Together Counts. https://togethercounts.com/the-evolution-of-physical-education/#:~:text=In%201823%2C%20the%20Round%20Hill%20School%20in%20Northampton%2C,it%20an%20integral%20part%20of%20their%20educational%20program.
Messner, M. A. (1994). Power at play sports and the problem of masculinity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 26(3), 400. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199403000-00022
O’Hanlon, T. P. (1982). School Sports as Social Training: The Case of Athletics and the Crisis of World War I. Journal of Sport History, 9(1), 5–29. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43611462
Park, R. J. (2006). “Taking Their Measure” in Play, Games, and Physical Training: The American Scene, 1870s to World War I. Journal of Sport History, 33(2), 193–217. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43611698
Pruter, R. (2013). Creation of Military Sports in the Secondary Schools. In The Rise of American High School Sports and the Search for Control: 1880-1930 (pp. 200–217). Syracuse University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1j1ntd2.15
Showalter, D. E., & Royde-Smith, J. G. (2024, November 21). World War I | History, Summary, Causes, combatants, casualties, Map, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/World-War-I
Timetoast. (1823, January 1). 1800-1884 timeline. Timetoast Timelines. https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/1800-1840-ed8c18cc-b84f-4cf2-8d32-aa3eb0d09c9b
Unsworth, N. (2019, June 19). The evolution of P.E. Inspiresport. https://www.inspiresport.com/the-evolution-of-p-e-in-schools/
Primary Sources
Attending School [Map]. In SocialExplorer.com. Census 1910 Retrieved 5 December 2024, from https://www.socialexplorer.com/a320aaeb84/view
Attending School [Map]. In SocialExplorer.com. Census 1920 Retrieved 5 December 2024, from https://www.socialexplorer.com/a320aaeb84/view
Category:Edgar Zell Steever II – Wikimedia Commons. (n.d.). https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Edgar_Zell_Steever_II
Egan, Arthur J. (Boston, Mass.). (1928). Boy second from right same as boy at right in MC269VI-73-2 [Non-projected black and white photograph]. Schlesinger Library of the History of Women in America (Harvard University). Artstor. https://jstor.org/stable/community.12236956
Leyendecker, Joseph Christian (American painter, illustrator, 1874-1951). (c. 1920). Right-Posture Boys’ Clothes [Letterpress halftone]. Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI. https://jstor.org/stable/community.22340194
Love, A., & Davenport, C. (1919). Defects found in Drafted Men: Statistical information compiled from the draft records. Washington Government Printing Office. https://digirepo.nlm.nih.gov/ext/dw/9502639/PDF/9502639.pdf
Male Population of Voting Age [Map]. In SocialExplorer.com. Census 1910 Retrieved 5 December 2024, from https://www.socialexplorer.com/e4d8f6c6e6/view
Military training, Norwich University, approximately 1914-1916. (1914; 1915; 1916;). Norwich University Archives; Digital Photographic Collection. Norwich University Archives and Special Collections. https://jstor.org/stable/community.38675191
North Carolina’s WWI collector of war records. (2017, March 13). NC DNCR. https://www.dncr.nc.gov/blog/2017/03/13/north-carolinas-wwi-collector-war-records
Rfdarsie. (n.d.). World War I. https://historyinphotos.blogspot.com/2012/05/world-war-i.html
The Plattsburg Manual: A Handbook for Military Training (Illustrated Edition) (Dodo Press) Paperback, Dodo Press – 가격 변동 추적 그래프 – 역대가. (n.d.). https://alltimeprice.com/product/?pid=67369979-3600124973
U.S. Army : develops all a man has of courage : it makes a strong body and trains the mind to disciplined decision : enlist! : federal office building Minneapolis : open day and night. (n.d.). University of Minnesota Libraries. https://jstor.org/stable/community.12300315