Scholarly Sources

Alderman, D. H. & Modlin, E. A. 2014. The Historical Geography of Racialized Landscapes. In C. E. Colten & G. L. Buckley (Eds.), North American Odyssey (pp. 273-290). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield

Finison, L. J. 2014. Boston’s Cycling Craze 1880-1900: A Story of Race, Sport, and Society. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.

Hugill, P. (1982). Good Roads and the Automobile in the United States 1880-1929. Geographical Review, 72(3), 327-349. doi:10.2307/214531

Marsh, M. 1989. From Separation to Togetherness:The Social Construction of Domestic Space in American Suburbs, 1840-1915. The Journal of American History , 76(2), 1–31.

Mintz, S. 1 March 2016. Childhood Has a History. 

Mintz, S. 2004. Chapter Ten: New to the Promised Land. In Huck’s Raft: A History of American Childhood. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Petty, R. 2010. Bicycling in Minneapolis in the Early 20 th Century. Minnesota History, 62(3), 84-95.

Simmons, L. M. 2015. Chapter One: Suppose They Don’t Want Us Here: Mental Mapping of Jim Crow New Orleans. In Crescent City Girls: The Lives of Young Black Women in Segregated New Orleans. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.

Strange, L.S. & Brown, R.S. 2002. The Bicycle, Women s Rights, and Elizabeth Cady
Stanton, Women’s Studies, 31:5, 609-626.

Turpin, R. J. 2015. Bicycles and Juvenile Masculinity During World War I. Women’s Studies Quarterly, 43(1/2), 51-65.

Vivanco, Luis. 2013. Chapter Two: What (and When) is a Bicycle? In Reconsidering the Bicycle: an Anthropological Perspective on a New (Old) Thing. Routledge: New York.

Vogel, Andrew.  2010. Hamlin Garland’s Roads, the Good Roads Movement, and the Ambivalent Reform of America’s Geographic Imagination. Studies in American Naturalism 5, no. 2: 111-32.

Wridt, Pamela J. 2004. A Historical Analysis of Young People’s Use of Public Space, Parks and Playgrounds in NYC. Children, Youth and Environments, vol. 15, no.1: 86-106.

Wyckoff, W. 2014. Creating Regional Landscapes and Identities. In C. E. Colten & G. L. Buckley (Eds.), North American Odyssey (pp. 335–357). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.

Historical Sources (Maps, Images, Reports, Data)

American Highway Association (Photographer). 1912. [Photograph]. Retrieved from Wiki Commons.

Bicyclists of the League of American Wheelmen pose by the Frank Blair statue at the northeast corner of Forest Park before the second annual St. Louis County Bicycle Tour. 1892. [Photograph]. Missouri History Museum. 

Capital Bicycle Club. 1884. City of Washington. [Washington: Capital Bicycle Club] [Map] Retrieved from the Library of Congress.

Craig, Lee A. 2006. “Value of commodities destined for domestic consumption, by type: 1869–1919.” Table Cd378-410 in Historical Statistics of the United States, Earliest Times to the Present: Millennial Edition, edited by Susan B. Carter, Scott Sigmund Gartner, Michael R. Haines, Alan L. Olmstead, Richard Sutch, and Gavin Wright. New York: Cambridge University Press. 

City of Minneapolis. 1986. Annual Report of the City Engineer for Year Ending Dec. 31, 1895. Cited in Petty, R. 2010. Bicycling in Minneapolis in the Early 20th Century. Minnesota History, 62(3), 84-95.

DC Public Library. 2017. Capital Bicycle Club Collection, 1880-1929. 

Hine, L. W. [Photographer]. 1911 August. [Photograph]. Young messenger in New Bedford.Location: New Bedford, Massachusetts. Massachusetts New Bedford, Courtesy of the Library of Congress.

Jules Beau. (Photographer).1906-1907.[Photograph]. Major Taylor. Collection Jules Beau. Gallica Digital Library

Kittie Knox at Ashbury Park. [Photograph]. (n.d.) Courtesy of Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington D.C. 

Lee, R. (Photographer). 1938 September. [Photograph] Inflating bicycle tire, Abbeville, Louisiana. Abbeville Louisiana.Retrieved from the Library of Congress. 

Lee, R. (Photographer).1942 July. [Photograph]. Pocatello, Idaho. Bicycle racks. Bannock County Idaho Pocatello. Retrieved from the Library of Congress.

Lee, R. (Photographer). 1940 May. [Photograph]. Row of bicycles belonging to students of Phoenix Union High School. Phoenix, Arizona. Retrieved from the Library of Congress.

The Miami Cycle and Manufacturing Company. 1917. “The Greatest Sport of Them All.” St. Nicholas: A Monthly Magazine for Boys and Girls, 1917.

New Departure Manufacturing Company. 1918. “The Boys Behind the Army.” Advertisement. Boys’ Life, April, 49. Cited in Turpin, R. J. 2015. Bicycles and Juvenile Masculinity During World War I. Women’s Studies Quarterly, 43(1/2), 51-65.

[No more messenger boys for the National Woman’s Party–from president to messenger all the members of the staff are feminine. This is in accordance with the stipulation of Mrs. Belmont when she donated the National Women’s i.e., Woman’s Party headquarters. Photo of Julia Obear, messenger]. [Photograph]. 1922. Retrieved from the Library of Congress.

Parrish, M. (Creator). 1896. Harper’s Weekly, bicycle number. , 1896. [Hartford: Pope Manufacturing Co] [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress.

Siegel, A. S., (Photographer).1942 July. [Photograph]. Detroit, Michigan. Boys and a girl on bicycles. Detroit Michigan Wayne County, 1942. Retrieved from the Library of Congress

Street scene, two children on bicycle in front of S.S. Kresge, Washington, D.C. [Photograph]. 1924. Retrieved from the Library of Congress.

Theodore R. Davis.(Photographer).1868. [Photograph].The American Velocipede. Harper’s Weekly.

Taylor, Marshall W. 1928. The Fastest Bicycle Rider in the World: The Story of a Colored Boy’s Indomitable Courage and Success against Great Odds. Worcester, Massachusetts: The Commonwealth Press.

Urban Population of Cities with 25,000 People or Over. 1890 and 1920. [Social Explorer] [map]. (based on data from U.S. Census Bureau; accessed November 14 2017). 

Women Repairing Bicycle. [Photograph]. 1895. Picture Collection, Library Montana State University Bozema.

Wright, Richard. 1937. The Ethics of Living Jim Crow South.