{"id":870,"date":"2016-10-14T08:59:55","date_gmt":"2016-10-14T12:59:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/?p=870"},"modified":"2022-06-14T07:19:48","modified_gmt":"2022-06-14T11:19:48","slug":"rats-and-other-rodents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/2016\/10\/14\/rats-and-other-rodents\/","title":{"rendered":"Rats (and other rodents)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2015\/11\/Adobe_PDF_file_icon_24x24.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2015\/11\/Adobe_PDF_file_icon_24x24.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-708\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2016\/10\/2017-10-09-Rats-and-Rodent-Facts-Sheet-cc-edits.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Download the PDF version of this page here! <\/a>  A related <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/wLU8-RW7JGE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">webinar recording<\/a> on this topic is available on the National Farmers Union YouTube channel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Take-aways<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Reduce Attraction<\/strong> &#8211; Minimize available food and water near growing and storage areas (cull piles, standing water in a bucket, etc.) Obviously, you\u2019re in the food production business, so there\u2019s food and water around! But, making sure any compost piles, or cull piles are well away from the growing area will help reduce the \u201cdraw.\u201d If you have containers of water that don\u2019t need to be there, dump them or move them at the end of the day.<\/li><li><strong>Reduce Protection<\/strong> &#8211; Minimize \u201ccover\u201d &#8211; anything that provides protection from being seen by predators near growing areas. Mow regularly around growing areas and trim against high tunnel \/ greenhouse baseboards, avoid having piles of building material, row cover, etc. Ideally make them cross \u201copen\u201d ground to get to your crop.\u00a0 That makes them uncomfortable because it exposes them to predation and removes their preferred method of navigation. Rodents navigate well in tunnel-like enclosed spaces by keeping their whiskers in contact with the surroundings, so open things up.\u00a0 Try to stack stored material with at least 4-6\u201d of space between the materials, the ground, and walls (the bigger the better) to avoid comfortable passage ways.<\/li><li><strong>Reduce Access<\/strong> \u2013 In buildings and tunnels, use rodent exclusion practices like solid, sealed baseboards, hardware cloth, and curbs \u00a0to limit easy access to the inside.<\/li><li><strong>Reduce Population<\/strong> \u2013 It\u2019s often the first place people land, but trapping and killing is unlikely to be effective in the long-term without the other measures above.\u00a0 The populations are often large when conditions are comfortable. Trapping and killing is most important and effective when there is a very acute problem in a more contained space (market, storage, etc.) There are lots of options from commercial traps, to bait stations, to air rifles, to birth control which will depend on your specific ethos and management approach.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/pw\/AM-JKLXyLUzM-EwQHW5qvEa7ci-11wd_IlSRij-6kxnkSlm-51x_tJuRwXYYBs1Wybnu8LruChyjgzv-absyOWz_ycNxNqth5tEURb_5KPKvIJxfhfP0MN4OtmCp0be6huc4J9obe-ScL_F7aD_1vkIMnNDVUA=w1277-h651-no?authuser=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"639\" height=\"326\" \/><figcaption>A rate approaching a baited trap<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Background<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When considering storage rooms and wash\/pack sheds with growers there is one topic that is sure to strike a nerve: RODENTS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This document is intended to provide summary information about measures you can take to reduce crop losses from these pests.\u00a0 It is the result of a review of current literature on the topic and feedback from the Listserv of the Vermont Vegetable and Berry Grower&#8217;s Association (VVBGA). This document includes both <b>active measures <\/b>(traps, rodenticides, FSMA compliant cats and ball pythons, etc.) and <b>passive measures <\/b>(sealing, doors, packing, hardware cloth, novel construction, accepting the loss, selling everything early). But why are these creatures so challenging?\u00a0 Here\u2019s some background<sup>1<\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>House Mice Can<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Enter openings larger than 1\/4 inch<\/li><li>Jump as high as 18 inches<\/li><li>Travel considerable distances crawling upside-down along wire<\/li><li>Survive and reproduce at a temperature of 24\u00b0F if adequate food and nesting material are available.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/IMG_6507-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" data-id=\"4345\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/IMG_6507-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/IMG_6507-1024x575.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/IMG_6507-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/IMG_6507-768x431.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/IMG_6507-1536x862.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/IMG_6507-2048x1149.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/IMG_6507-1568x880.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>A well-cleared baseboard\/ground interface reduces harborage space.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/IMG_6509-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" data-id=\"4346\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/IMG_6509-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/IMG_6509-1024x575.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/IMG_6509-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/IMG_6509-768x431.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/IMG_6509-1536x862.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/IMG_6509-2048x1149.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/IMG_6509-1568x880.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Excessive weed growth allowing ample cover and harborage<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Rats Can<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/pw\/AM-JKLUCnr8_1PWVO1yYJhLfTZm-PjRCWYETkTx4EmREl1AHTWRIdcRpDccQnHmi6iqmaotgnK9Nzx_N4nVrLYVre3XqjYtdJBz_qIXQhOub8hJEfqD_6G5DIp5w4NgKSTV2b8d-RygvwlvtE4GiLSbgFxbweg=w3300-h1853-no?authuser=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"825\" height=\"463\" \/><figcaption>These &#8220;Tomcat&#8221; traps are easy to set. This one is screwed to a plank to keep it from  springing away. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Crawl through or under any opening higher or wider than 1\/2 inch<\/li><li>Climb the outside or inside of vertical pipes and conduits up to 3 inches in diameter<\/li><li>Jump from a flat surface up to 36 inches vertically and as far as 48 inches horizontally<\/li><li>Drop 50 feet without being seriously injured<\/li><li>Burrow straight down into the ground for at least 36\u201d<\/li><li>Swim as far as 1\/2mi in open water, dive through water traps in plumbing, and travel in sewer lines against a substantial water current.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cTo deal with rats, you\u2019ve got to think link a rat!\u201d<\/p><cite>&#8211; Anonymous Farmer<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Bottom Line<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Cleanliness and Sanitation<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p> Keep food sources well contained and sealed up, reduce \u201charborage\u201d (places they can hide and live including weeds around the edge of a building), minimize available standing water. In short, make it unappealing and uncomfortable for&nbsp;them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Rodent Deterrent Construction<\/b>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/pw\/AM-JKLV7p3UEI0PbRN7vL-xrn2BWxqRK7Sm1_PbvVC7l8FTeLDfLaIW3AmR8Z05BZqR8cUAL1HqkhegqJ4wrcqif9ez7jqCQM6VXNm8xL5HC000L_evllZkVQmeBLk-Q9rg2JuMHRjn0qRNTvTToeNyG765hPg=w2790-h1860-no?authuser=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"698\" height=\"465\" \/><figcaption>Traditional snap-traps are often effective. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep them out of the building. [References 1-3 provide very detailed guidance and novel, passive and relatively inexpensive construction ideas] Some examples from the references include keeping all wood products like cardboard, roots, or lumber off the ground and away from the building. Installing proper drainage with sand, stone and proper slope away from your building helps reduce moisture which can carry other pests like beetles and termites. Think about your exterior landscaping and its ability to trap moisture against the building. Keeping grass and weeds trimmed won\u2019t leave a place for rodents to hide and travel. Think about all possible points of entry, sills, doors, windows, roofs. Mice can sneak into small holes and cracks so do your best to seal up all possible points of entry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Population Reduction<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bait, trap, kill.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Using snap traps, sticky pads, poisonous bait are all the most effective ways of dealing with a rodent problem [References 5-7].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Responses from the VVBGA LISTSERV&nbsp;<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/pw\/AM-JKLVQMSwVy5q7GWM_zjg36YimBEPyDFkQwL7kdYkxUHj5ijPeWto7OVZfNJrL3tRDjhwA2lQ96wWXrGfBZRTRTIDbLm2N9VShVfQLwRIsjHPEkaVyIMKtCZ3y78fkQZQQMnwfHVj2la5J3S_xPMTxFaXhUg=w3300-h1853-no?authuser=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"825\" height=\"463\" \/><figcaption>Rat bait near a doorway close to the floor.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The following are responses from Vermont growers. These are some of their challenges and solutions related to rodents on their farms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>I have had over 20% of my sweet potatoes damage by voles.&nbsp; Usually&nbsp;the largest sweet potatoes are the ones half eaten.&nbsp; The next year I put five \u201cyard windmills\u201d in the sweet potato bed, 100 ft. long, along with a&nbsp;half stick of gum under the black plastic by each&nbsp;plant&nbsp;\u2013 cheap gum from the discount food store.&nbsp; Both were done after I removed the row covers and before the vines spread. That&nbsp;reduced the damage to less than 5%.&nbsp;Very anecdotal and empirical data but worth exploring.&nbsp; Supposedly the voles do not like vibration of the windmill and eating the gum gives them a bellyache, if fatal I do not&nbsp;know.&nbsp; Bigger windmills, four inches in diameter and larger, with metal post seem to work better.&nbsp; How much gum is actually needed I do not know. A SARE&nbsp; grant in your future.<\/li><li>Not the cheapest retrofit, but have had the best luck with making&nbsp;all walls tin or concrete, and having&nbsp;rat traps permanently set at every overhead door jamb, since the seal is not 100%.&nbsp;&nbsp;Ventilate with in-wall intake and exhaust fans instead of opening doors.<\/li><li>I recently tried the&nbsp;tin cats&nbsp;and was happy. Baited them by putting small amount of oats in the trap and tilting it so the grain slid to the&nbsp;end where the screen was. After the mice got a few seed through the screen, they were drawn into the trap to get the remainder. Two mice in the same trap on the first night. The downside is that you have to clean out all the grain each time so it doesn\u2019t hamper the trap mechanism. Have used&nbsp;Contract waxy block&nbsp;in bait stations for at least 4 years. Switching to a different bait because I think they are starting to get&nbsp;a resistance.<\/li><li>I\u2019ve been using that&nbsp;old root cellar&nbsp;all winter for 3 years now without any rodent problems. The process of having someone&nbsp;cement hardware cloth over every crack and crevice&nbsp;was time-consuming but really seems to have worked. I think I finally got rid of the rats in&nbsp;my toolshed through a combination of&nbsp;trapping and disturbing their nesting spots. I\u2019m curious about rodent solutions that apply to the field and high tunnel. I\u2019ve tried to keep cats but the fishers get them.<\/li><li>I have not had a single animal in the new barn that I built with the&nbsp;12\u201d concrete knee wall. I partly contribute the success to the fact that I do not set the bins on the ground. They are filled on the trailer and go directly from the trailer to the barn. This reduces the chance that a hitchhiker will take a ride into the barn.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"text-align: left\">We are a very small pumpkin farm and don\u2019t have the storage needs for food, but I&nbsp;use lots of snap traps&nbsp;and dump those little,&nbsp;dead&nbsp;vermin bodies while wearing a&nbsp;happy smile!<\/li><li style=\"text-align: left\">We have only killed rats by accidentally moving a pallet onto one. Can\u2019t bait them. They are very intelligent.<\/li><li style=\"text-align: left\">\u201cWe have a&nbsp;great barn cat&nbsp;and a&nbsp;Jack Russell terrier&nbsp;for our farm.\u201d<\/li><li>Mice&nbsp;\u2013 kernel of corn wedged into&nbsp;mousetrap&nbsp;trigger covered in peanut butter.&nbsp;Rats&nbsp;\u2013 same as above but do not the set the trap for&nbsp;several nights&nbsp;and&nbsp;remove all other food sources&nbsp;(in chicken&nbsp;hutch empty all food containers) then set the trap.&nbsp; Putting a&nbsp;milk crate over the trap prevents chickens, cats, dogs from getting caught.&nbsp; Also works with chipmunks, and occasionally with red squirrels.&nbsp;Voles&nbsp;\u2013 hard to trap,&nbsp;run them down and stomp.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Construction Practices to Block Rodent Intrusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_8.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"648\" height=\"736\" data-id=\"4350\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_8.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_8.jpg 648w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_8-264x300.jpg 264w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_7.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"774\" height=\"705\" data-id=\"4351\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_7.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4351\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_7.jpg 774w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_7-300x273.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_7-768x700.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 774px) 100vw, 774px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_6.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"790\" data-id=\"4352\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_6.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4352\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_6.jpg 840w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_6-300x282.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_6-768x722.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_9-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"704\" height=\"500\" data-id=\"4354\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_9-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4354\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_9-1.jpg 704w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_9-1-300x213.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 704px) 100vw, 704px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_10-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"704\" height=\"455\" data-id=\"4353\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_10-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_10-1.jpg 704w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2021\/11\/Rats_10-1-300x194.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 704px) 100vw, 704px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Chris teamed up with the farmers of Good Samaritan Farm in Atlanta, GA and Yolanda Gonzalez, Urban Agriculture Specialist with Cornell Cooperative Extension in this &#8220;Stories from the Field&#8221; episode to share resources and strategies they use to reduce, prevent, and eliminate rat problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Stories from the Field: Rats! Cute Pets and Terrible Pests\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wLU8-RW7JGE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">REFERENCES<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Baker R., Bodman G. and Timm, R.&nbsp;1994. <b>Rodent-Proof Construction and Exclusion Methods. The Handbook: Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage.<\/b> Paper 27. &nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1025&amp;context=icwdmhandbook\">http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1025&amp;context=icwdmhandbook<\/a><\/li><li>Hoddenbach, G., Johnson, J., Disalvo, C.&nbsp;1997. <b>Rodent Exclusion Techniques. A Training Guide for National Park Service&nbsp;Employees.<\/b> National Park Service.&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ehs.ucsb.edu\/files\/docs\/eh\/ihrodentexclusion.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ehs.ucsb.edu\/files\/docs\/e<br \/>h\/ihrodentexclusion.pdf<\/a><\/li><li>Simmons, S.&nbsp;2005. <b>Pest Prevention Construction Guidelines and Practices.<\/b> CASBO Journal. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cdpr.ca.gov\/docs\/pestmgt\/pubs\/casbo_article.pdf\">http:\/\/www.cdpr.ca.gov\/docs\/pestmgt\/pubs\/casbo_article.pdf<\/a><\/li><li>UMass Extension. 2008.&nbsp;<b>Rodent Control on Farms.<\/b> Fact Sheet \u2013&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ag.umass.edu\/sites\/ag.umass.edu\/files\/fact-sheets\/pdf\/RodentControl08-44.pdf\">https:\/\/ag.umass.edu\/sites\/ag.umass.edu\/files\/fact-sheets\/pdf\/RodentControl08-44.pdf<\/a><\/li><li>University of Maryland Extension. 2014.&nbsp;<b>Rodent Control on Small Poultry Farms.<\/b> Fact Sheet. <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/_docs\/publications\/FS-985%20Rodent%20control%20on%20small%20poultry%20farms.pdf\">https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/_docs\/publications\/FS-<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/_docs\/publications\/FS-985%20Rodent%20control%20on%20small%20poultry%20farms.pdf\">985%20Rodent%20control%20on%20small%20poultry%20farms.pdf<\/a><\/li><li>Pierce, R. 1982.&nbsp;<b>Bait Stations for Controlling Rats and Mice.<\/b> Fact Sheet G-9444. University of Missouri Extension.&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/extension.missouri.edu\/p\/G9444\">http:\/\/extension.missouri.edu\/p\/G9444<\/a><\/li><li>Vantassel, S. M., Hygnstrom S. E. and Ferraro, D. M. 2012. <b>Bait Stations for Controlling Rats and Mice. <\/b>Fact Sheet G1646. <a href=\"https:\/\/wildlife.unl.edu\/pdfs\/bait-stations-controlling-rats-mice.pdf\">https:\/\/wildlife.unl.edu\/pdfs\/bait-stations-controlling-rats-mice.pdf<\/a>.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Share this post!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/2016\/10\/14\/rats-and-other-rodents\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"870\">go.uvm.edu\/rats<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Download the PDF version of this page here! A related webinar recording on this topic is available on the National Farmers Union YouTube channel. Key Take-aways Reduce Attraction &#8211; Minimize available food and water near growing and storage areas (cull piles, standing water in a bucket, etc.) Obviously, you\u2019re in the food production business, so &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/2016\/10\/14\/rats-and-other-rodents\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Rats (and other rodents)&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1174,"featured_media":4347,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50620,638709,50616,43530],"tags":[684061,20145,36708,684062,684064,420591,36710,6521,262721,684056,684057,684060,684063],"class_list":["post-870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greenhouses-2","category-pdf-download","category-refrigeration-and-storage","category-washing-and-packing","tag-bait","tag-food-safety","tag-ipm","tag-kill","tag-mice","tag-pest","tag-pests","tag-post-harvest","tag-produce-safety","tag-rats","tag-rodents","tag-trap","tag-vles","entry"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2016\/10\/IMG_6485-78-600x400.jpg","featured_image_src_square":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/files\/2016\/10\/IMG_6485-78-600x600.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Chris Callahan","author_link":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/author\/cwcallah\/"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/870","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1174"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=870"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/870\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4995,"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/870\/revisions\/4995"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4347"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=870"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=870"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/cwcallah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=870"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}