{"id":70,"date":"2021-04-09T21:04:04","date_gmt":"2021-04-10T01:04:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/?p=70"},"modified":"2021-04-09T21:04:04","modified_gmt":"2021-04-10T01:04:04","slug":"research-where-we-are-as-of-4-9-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/research-where-we-are-as-of-4-9-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"Research: where we are as of 4\/9\/2021"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/files\/2021\/04\/IMG_1548-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-56\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/files\/2021\/04\/IMG_1548-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/files\/2021\/04\/IMG_1548-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/files\/2021\/04\/IMG_1548-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/files\/2021\/04\/IMG_1548-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/files\/2021\/04\/IMG_1548-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/files\/2021\/04\/IMG_1548-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/files\/2021\/04\/IMG_1548-1568x1045.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Chicken sampling 2019<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\" id=\"block-4bbe1ad5-0375-4af5-92f9-381fc3f784a4\">Salmonella in Adult Chickens:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-01170e25-125e-4c37-9cc3-ad4cf3d4c460\">As of 3\/30\/21, we have tested 30 flocks of chickens and found <em>Salmonella enterica<\/em> in 2 flocks (6.67%). The total number of birds tested was 393 birds (0.5% prevalence)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-a4066f84-b319-408c-a14d-32d582004514\">What does this mean?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-81473408-71b2-46c7-a391-c758b2ec1b78\"><li>This is a higher flock positivity rate than other studies of backyard chickens have seen. A study in Boston found <em>Salmonella<\/em> in 1\/53 (1.9%) of the flocks they sampled (McDonagh et al., 2018). A study of backyard chickens in western WA state found <em>Salmonella <\/em>in 1\/34 (3%) of flocks tested.<\/li><li>However, <em>Salmonella<\/em> is still rare in chickens in Vermont<\/li><li>In the flocks we tested, only one of the birds in each flock had <em>Salmonella<\/em> at the time we tested. This means that you do not have to cull your whole flock if one has\/gets <em>Salmonella<\/em><\/li><li>We have also found that the positive chickens have always cleared <em>Salmonella<\/em> by the time we get back to the farm to re-test (typically 2 weeks later)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\" id=\"block-2a687ffd-ae46-46e7-b581-c3c8a38fe24c\"><em>Salmonella <\/em>in baby chicks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"728\" height=\"484\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/files\/2021\/04\/hatchling.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-71\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/files\/2021\/04\/hatchling.jpg 728w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/files\/2021\/04\/hatchling-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/files\/2021\/04\/hatchling-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-07eb5073-96b3-4a4b-911b-6ff94afb91ae\">As of 04\/09\/21, we have tested 143 lots of baby poultry from agricultural supply stores, hatcheries, and individuals. We found <em>Salmonella <\/em>in one lot of turkey chicks last year and three shipments of chicks this year (2.8% of shipments<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ffeb8cb0-22b3-4e12-be7c-1da9deb8eeaa\">What does this mean?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-61c4d0a8-580a-43e3-ac7d-ebc86c3f3363\"><li>More than half our samples have come from<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/resources-for-backyard-chicken-owners\/\"> NPIP<\/a>-certified hatcheries, which are expected to be <em>Salmonella-<\/em>free<\/li><li>Of the 52 samples not from NPIP-certified hatcheries, 4 were positive (7.7%).<\/li><li>None of the samples from NPIP-certified hatcheries were positive<\/li><li><strong>Takeaway: <\/strong>Buying from an NPIP-certified hatchery or a store that buys from an NPIP-certified hatchery is the best way to reduce your risk of catching <em>Salmonella<\/em> from baby poultry<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-68f61b7a-bb23-4854-b8fc-029341ae61e0\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.poultryimprovement.org\/NPIPDatabase\/images\/NPIP-crest2.jpg\" alt=\"This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is NPIP-crest2.jpg\" \/><figcaption>This is the NPIP logo. An NPIP-certified hatchery will display this, typically at the bottom of their main page<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\" id=\"block-afce4d53-8dc9-43d2-aea7-0421da158ef0\"><em>Campylobacter<\/em> in backyard chickens<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/campylobacter\/images\/flexslider\/campy-900px.png\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption><em>Campylobacter<\/em> (from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/campylobacter\/images\/flexslider\/campy-900px.png)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-e252db1c-9074-4cb4-bca8-a4ea4fd96d07\">This year, we have begun to look for <em>Campylobacter spp.<\/em> in adult chickens. Unlike <em>Salmonella,<\/em> chicks don&#8217;t get <em>Campylobacter<\/em> through the egg. Instead, they typically get it from other birds with the infection. Adult birds are the most likely to carry <em>Campylobacter spp.<\/em> As of 4\/9\/21, we&#8217;ve tested 15 samples of bedding and found <em>Campylobacter <\/em>in 1 sample (6.7%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-05f73243-3c6c-4a73-a886-60c1d881cfb6\">What does this mean?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-cac49f17-41bb-4b81-9d0c-86e12f27378d\"><li>This is extremely preliminary data, and the percent positive rate will change. Keep an eye on this page for updates. If you would like your birds tested, <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/participate-in-our-research-studies-on-backyard-chickens\/\">contact us<\/a> to participate in our studies.<\/li><li><em>Campylobacter<\/em> is extremely contagious for chickens. Once one bird has it, all of the birds will get it.<\/li><li><em>Campylobacter<\/em> lives in the intestines of chickens. It doesn&#8217;t grow in the presence of oxygen, so chicken poop\/infected meat is going to be the primary source of human infection by <em>Campylobacter<\/em>.<\/li><li>However, <em>Campylobacter<\/em> grows to up to 10 billion cells\/gram in chicken intestines (infectious dose: 500-10,000 bacteria), so a little bit of fecal matter can be enough to get you sick. <strong>Good hygiene is key here<\/strong> (handwashing after handling birds and eggs).<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Salmonella in Adult Chickens: As of 3\/30\/21, we have tested 30 flocks of chickens and found Salmonella enterica in 2 flocks (6.67%). The total number of birds tested was 393 birds (0.5% prevalence) What does this mean? This is a higher flock positivity rate than other studies of backyard chickens have seen. A study in &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/research-where-we-are-as-of-4-9-2021\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Research: where we are as of 4\/9\/2021&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6700,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","entry"],"featured_image_src":null,"featured_image_src_square":null,"author_info":{"display_name":"aetter","author_link":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/author\/aetter\/"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6700"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":72,"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70\/revisions\/72"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.uvm.edu\/aetter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}